Bioproducts or bio-based products are materials, chemicals
and energy
derived from renewable biological resources
Bioresources
Biological resources include agriculture,
forestry,
and biologically-derived waste, and there are many other renewable
bioresource examples. One of the scientific terms used to denote renewable
bioresources is lignocellulose. Lignocellulosic tissues are biologically-derived natural resources containing some of the main constituents of the natural
world. 1) Holocellulose is the
carbohydrate fraction of lignocellulose that includes cellulose,
a common building block made of sugar (glucose) that is the most abundant
biopolymer, as well as hemicellulose.
2) Lignin
is the second most abundant biopolymer. Cellulose and lignin are two of the
primary natural polymers used by plants to store energy as well as to give
strength, as is the case in woody plant tissues. Other energy storage chemicals
in plants include oils, waxes, fats, etc., and because these other plant compounds have
distinct properties, they offer potential for a host of different bioproducts
Conventional bioproducts and emerging bioproducts are two broad categories
used to categorize bioproducts. Examples of conventional bio-based products
include building materials, pulp and paper,
and forest products. Examples of emerging bioproducts or biobased products include biofuels,
bioenergy,
starch-based and cellulose-based ethanol,
bio-based adhesives, biochemicals, bioplastics, etc.Emerging bioproducts are active subjects of research and development, and these
efforts have developed significantly since the turn of the 20/21st century, in
part driven by the price of traditional petroleum-based products, by the
environmental impact of petroleum use, and by an interest in many countries to
become independent from foreign sources of oil. Bioproducts derived from
bioresources can replace much of the fuels, chemicals, plastics etc. that are
currently derived from petroleum
Bioproducts
engineering
Bioproducts engineering (also
referred to as bioprocess engineering) refers to engineering of bio-products
from renewable bioresources. This pertains to the design, development and
implementation of processes, technologies for the sustainable manufacture of
materials, chemicals and energy from renewable biological resources.
Also referred to as Bioprocess
Engineering: Bioprocess Engineering is a specialization of Biotechnology,
Chemical Engineering or Biological Engineering or of Agricultural Engineering.
It deals with the design and development of equipment and processes for the
manufacturing of products such as food, feed, pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals,
chemicals, and polymers and paper from biological materials. Bioprocees engineering
is a conglomerate of mathematics, biology and industrial design,and consists of
various spectrums like designing of Fermentors,study of fermentors (mode of
operations etc.). It also deals with studying various biotechnological
processes used in industries for large scale production of biological product
for optimization of yield in the end product and the quality of end product.
Bio process engineering may include the work of mechanical,electrical and
industrial engineers to apply principles of their disciplines to processes
based on using living cells or sub component of such cells
Also referred to as Bioresource
Engineering: Bioresource engineering is related to the applications of
biological engineering, chemical engineering and agricultural engineering
usually based on biological and/or agricultural feedstocks. Bioresource
engineering is more general and encompasses a wider range of technologies and
various elements such as biomass, biological waste treatment, bioenergy,
biotransformations and bioresource systems analysis, and technologies
associated with Thermochemical conversion technologies: combustion, pyrolysis,
gasification, catalysis, etc. Biochemical conversion technologies: aerobic
methods, anaerobic digestion, microbial growth processes, enzymatic methods,
composting Products: fibre, fuels, feedstocks, fertilisers, building materials,
polymers and other industrial products Management: modelling, systems analysis,
decisions, support systems. The impact of urbanization and increasing demand
for land, food, and water presents engineers in a world with serious
challenges. Little attention has been given to the interface between the
biological world and traditional engineering in the past. It is the job of
bioresource engineers to fill that gap. Agricultural and bioresource engineers
develop efficient and environmentally-sensitive methods of producing food,
fiber, timber, bio-based products and renewable energy sources for an
ever-increasing world population.
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