Ultra-low-sulfur
diesel (ULSD) is diesel fuel
with substantially lowered sulfur content. As of 2006, almost all of the
petroleum-based diesel fuel available in UK, Europe and North America is of a
ULSD type. There is not a single standard set of specifications and as the
government mandated standard becomes progressively more strict so does the
definition.
The move to lower
sulfur content is expected to allow the application of newer emissions control
technologies that should substantially lower emissions of particulate matter from
diesel engines. This change occurred first in the European Union and is now
happening in North America. New emissions standards, dependent on the cleaner
fuel, have been in effect for automobiles in the United States since model year
2007.
ULSD has a lower
energy content due to the heavy processing required to remove large amounts of
sulfur from oil, leading to (1 to 2%) lower fuel economy. Using it requires more
costly oil.
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