Architectural
engineering,
also known as building engineering, is the application of engineering principles and technology to building design and construction. Definitions of an architectural
engineer may refer to:
- An engineer in the structural, mechanical, electrical, construction or other engineering fields of building design and construction.
- A licensed engineering professional in parts of the United States.
- In informal contexts, and formally in some places, a professional synonymous with or similar to an architect
Engineering for building
Structural
engineering
Structural engineering involves the
analysis and design of physical objects (buildings, bridges, equipment
supports, towers and walls). Those concentrating on buildings are responsible
for the structural performance of a large part of the built environment and
are, sometimes, informally referred to as "building engineers".
Structural engineers require expertise in strength of materials and in the seismic design
of structures covered by earthquake engineering. Architectural Engineers sometimes practice structural as
one aspect of their designs; the structural discipline when practiced as a
specialty works closely with architects and other engineering specialists.
Mechanical,
electrical, and plumbing (MEP)
Mechanical engineering and electrical engineering engineers are specialists, commonly referred to as "MEP" (mechanical, electrical, and plumbing) when engaged in the building design fields. Also known as
"building
services engineering" in the United Kingdom,
Canada,
and Australia.
Mechanical engineers often design and oversee the heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC), plumbing, and rain gutter
systems. Plumbing designers often include design specifications for simple active fire protection systems, but for more complicated projects, fire
protection engineers are often separately retained.
Electrical engineers are responsible for the building's power distribution, telecommunication, fire alarm, signalization, lightning protection and control systems,
as well as lighting
systems.
The architectural engineer (PE) in the
United States
In many jurisdictions of the United
States, the architectural engineer is a licensed engineering professional.Usually a graduate of an architectural engineering university program preparing
students to perform whole-building design in competition with
architect-engineer teams; or for practice in one of structural, mechanical or
electrical fields of building design, but with an appreciation of integrated
architectural requirements.
Formal architectural engineering
education, following the engineering model of earlier disciplines, developed in
the late 19th century, and became widespread in the United States by the
mid-20th century. With the establishment of a specific "architectural
engineering" NCEES Professional Engineering registration examination in the 1990s, and first offering
in April 2003, architectural engineering became recognized as a distinct
engineering discipline in the United States. Architectural engineers are not
entitled to practice architecture unless they are also licensed as architects.
The architect as architectural engineer
In some countries architecture, as a
profession
providing architectural services, is sometimes referred to as "architectural
engineering". In others, such as in Japan, the terms
"architecture" and "building engineering" are used
synonymously.
The practice of architecture includes the planning, designing and overseeing
the building's construction.
In some languages, such as Korean
and Arabic, "architect" is literally translated as
"architectural engineer". In some countries, an "architectural
engineer" (such as the ingegnere edile in Italy) is entitled to
practice architecture and is often referred to as an architect.
These individuals are often also structural engineers. In other countries, such
as Germany, Austria, Iran, and most of the Arabic countries, architecture
graduates receive an engineering degree (Dipl.-Ing. – Diplom-Ingenieur).
In Brazil, architects and engineers
used to share the same accreditation process (CONFEA
– Federal Council of Engineering, Architecture and Agronomy). Now the Brazilian
architects and urbanists have their own accreditation process (CAU –
Architecture and Urbanism Council). Besides traditional architecture design
training, Brazilian architecture courses also offer complementary training in
engineering disciplines such as structural, electrical, hydraulic and
mechanical engineering. After graduation, architects can be fully responsible
for design and construction in these areas (except in electric wiring, where
the architect autonomy is limited to systems up to 30kVA), applied to
buildings, urban environment, built cultural heritage, landscape planning,
interiorscape planning and regional planning.
In Greece licensed architectural
engineers are graduates from architecture faculties that belong to the
Polytechnic University,
obtaining an "Engineering Diploma". They graduate after 5 years of
studies and are fully entitled architects once they become members of the
Technical Chamber of Greece (Τεχνικό Επιμελητήριο Ελλάδος).
The Engineering Diploma equals a Master's Degree in ECTS units (300) according
to the Bologna Accords.
Education
The architectural, structural,
mechanical and electrical engineering branches each have well established
educational requirements that are usually fulfilled by completion of a
university program.
Architectural
engineering as a single integrated field of study
What differentiates architectural
engineering as a separate and single, integrated field of study, compared to
other engineering disciplines, is its multi-disciplinary engineering approach.
Through training in and appreciation of architecture, the field seeks
integration of building systems within its overall building design.
Architectural engineering includes the design of building systems including heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC), plumbing, fire protection,
electrical,
lighting,
architectural acoustics, and structural systems. In some university programs,
students are required to concentrate on one of the systems; in others, they can
receive a generalist architectural or building engineering degree.
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