From 1978 to 1996, the US NREL
experimented with using algae as a biofuels source in the "Aquatic Species
Program". A self-published article by Michael
Briggs, at the UNH
Biofuels Group, offers estimates for the realistic replacement of all vehicular fuel with biofuels by using algae that
have a natural oil content greater than 50%, which Briggs suggests can be grown
on algae ponds at wastewater treatment
plants. This oil-rich algae can then be
extracted from the system and processed into biofuels, with the dried remainder
further reprocessed to create ethanol. The production of algae to harvest oil
for biofuels has not yet been undertaken on a commercial scale, but feasibility studies have been conducted to arrive
at the above yield estimate. In addition to its projected high yield,
algaculture — unlike crop-based biofuels —
does not entail a decrease in food production, since it requires neither farmland nor fresh water. Many companies are pursuing algae
bioreactors for various purposes, including scaling up biofuels production to commercial
levels.[extraction of biofuels
lipids from wet algae using a simple and economical reaction in ionic liquids.
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